Geraniums, known for their colourful blooms and fragrant foliage, are popular garden plants that can thrive in both garden beds and containers. While often grown for their aesthetic appeal, some species of geraniums also offer edible flowers and leaves that can enhance culinary dishes. In larger gardens, varieties like Geranium macrorrhizum form dense, colourful ground covers, while smaller species like Pelargonium (often referred to as scented geraniums) are perfect for pots or mixed borders.
Culinary History of Geraniums
Geraniums have a long history of being used not only as decorative plants but also as a flavorful ingredient in cooking. Originally from South Africa, scented geraniums (Pelargonium species) were introduced to Europe in the 17th century and quickly gained popularity for their aromatic leaves. The leaves and flowers of some species impart a subtle floral, citrus, or spicy note to both sweet and savoury dishes.
Edible Varieties of Geranium
Several geranium species are known for their culinary uses, primarily within the Pelargonium genus, known as scented geranium. These varieties include peppermint-scented geranium, hazelnut-scented geranium, lemon-scented Geranium, nutmeg-scented geranium, and cola-scented geranium. The leaves of these varieties can be used to flavour teas, syrups, and desserts, while the flowers serve as a fragrant, edible garnish.
It is crucial to differentiate between true geraniums (hardy geraniums) and scented geraniums (Pelargonium species) as not all geraniums are suitable for consumption. Always ensure you are using an edible species before incorporating it into your dishes.
Planting and Caring for Geraniums
Geraniums prefer well-drained soil and thrive in sunny to partially shaded areas. They are typically planted in the spring after the last frost. For container gardening, use a light, well-draining potting mix and place the plants where they receive around 6 hours of sunlight a day. Regular deadheading encourages continuous blooming, and occasional feeding with a balanced fertiliser helps maintain healthy growth.
Best Practices for Harvesting Geranium Leaves and Flowers
Choose healthy, fresh growth from well-established plants to harvest geranium leaves and flowers. The morning is the best time for harvesting, as the essential oils will be at their most concentrated. Gently pinch off leaves or flowers, taking care not to damage the plant. Store the harvested parts in a cool, dry place or use them fresh for optimal flavour.
Culinary Uses of Geraniums
Geranium leaves and flowers can add unique flavours to various dishes. Infusing leaves into sugar or simple syrup creates a fragrant base for desserts or beverages. The leaves can also be used in baked goods, lending subtle hints of mint, lemon, or spice. Flowers, being more delicate, are often used as edible decorations on cakes, salads, or cocktails.
One popular use of scented geraniums is to layer the leaves with sugar in a sealed jar, allowing the floral aroma to permeate the sugar over time. This scented sugar can be used in baking or as a finishing touch for desserts.
While geraniums can bring a fragrant, flavourful element to the kitchen, be mindful of the species and quantity consumed, as some varieties may cause mild irritation or discomfort when ingested in large amounts.